Encyclopedia of Chemical Raw Materials--Ndedzipi marudzi emakemikari mbishi zvinhu?

1. Kemikari raw materials inogona kazhinji kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: organic chemical raw materials uye inorganic chemical raw materials zvichienderana nezvaanobva.

(1) Organic chemical raw materials

Inogona kukamurwa kuva alkanes uye zvinobva kwavari, alkenes uye zvinobva kwavari, alkynes uye zvinobva kwavari, quinones, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, phenols, ethers, anhydrides, esters, organic acids, carboxylic acids Salts, carbohydrates, heterocyclics, halogen nitroles, amino amides, nezvimwewo.

(2) Inorganic chemical raw materials

The main raw materials of inorganic chemical products ndiwo makemikari minerals ane sulfur, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium (ona inorganic salt industry) uye marasha, mafuta, gasi rechisikigo, mhepo, mvura, etc. Uyezve, ne-zvigadzirwa uye tsvina kubva. akawanda maindasitiri maindasitiri zvakare zvinhu zvakabikwa zvemakemikari einorganic, senge coke oven gasi mukugadzira coking process muindasitiri yesimbi. Iyo ammonia irimo inogona kudzoserwa ne sulfuric acid kugadzira ammonium sulfate, chalcopyrite, uye galena. Iyo sulfur dioxide mune inonyungudutsa tsvina gasi yemigodhi uye sphalerite inogona kushandiswa kugadzira sulfuric acid, nezvimwe.

2. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, inogona kukamurwa kuita yekutanga mbishi, yekutanga mbishi zvinhu uye zvepakati mbishi.

(1) Zvinhu zvokutanga

Kutanga zvigadziriso zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvinodiwa padanho rekutanga rekugadzirwa kwemakemikari, semhepo, mvura, mafuta emafuta (kureva marasha, oiri, gasi rechisikigo, nezvimwewo), munyu wegungwa, zvicherwa zvakasiyana, zvigadzirwa zvekurima (senge starch- ine zviyo kana miti yemusango, Cellulose huni, bamboo, tsanga, mashanga, nezvimwewo).

(2)Basic raw materials

Zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvinowanikwa nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvekutanga, senge calcium carbide uye akasiyana organic uye inorganic mbishi zvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro.

(3)Ipakati mbishi zvinhu

Pakati pepakati mbishi zvinhu zvinonziwo zvepakati. Ivo vanowanzo tarisa kune zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva kune zvakakosha zvigadzirwa mune yakaoma organic makemikari kugadzirwa, asi hazvisati zvave zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira kushandiswa uye zvinoda kumwe kugadziridzwa. Semuenzaniso, akasiyana organic komisheni anoshandiswa mukugadzira dhayi, mapurasitiki nemishonga: methanol, acetone, vinyl chloride, nezvimwe.