Encyclopedia of Chemical Raw Materials--Ndi mitundu yanji yamafuta opangira mankhwala?

1. Chemical zopangira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: organic mankhwala zopangira ndi inorganic mankhwala zopangira malinga ndi magwero awo.

(1) Organic mankhwala zopangira

Atha kugawidwa mu alkanes ndi zotumphukira zawo, alkenes ndi zotumphukira zawo, alkynes ndi zotumphukira zawo, quinones, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, phenols, ethers, anhydrides, esters, organic zidulo, carboxylic zidulo Salts, chakudya, heterocyclics, halogen nitroles, amino amidi, etc.

(2) Inorganic chemical zopangira

Waukulu zopangira zinthu zopangira mankhwala mankhwala ndi mchere mchere munali sulfure, sodium, phosphorous, potaziyamu, kashiamu (onani zosawerengeka mchere makampani) ndi malasha, mafuta, gasi, mpweya, madzi, etc. Komanso, ndi-mankhwala ndi zinyalala kuchokera magawo ambiri mafakitale ndi zopangira mankhwala inorganic, monga coke uvuni mpweya mu ndondomeko coking kupanga mu makampani zitsulo. Ammonia omwe ali mmenemo amatha kupezedwanso ndi sulfuric acid kuti apange ammonium sulfate, chalcopyrite, ndi galena. The sulfure dioxide mu smelting zinyalala mpweya wa migodi ndi sphalerite angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga sulfuric acid, etc.

2. Malinga ndi njira yopangira, zitha kugawidwa kukhala zoyambira, zopangira zoyambira ndi zida zapakatikati.

(1) Zida zoyambira

Zoyambira zopangira ndi zopangira zomwe zimafunikira poyambira kupanga mankhwala, monga mpweya, madzi, mafuta oyaka (monga malasha, mafuta, gasi, ndi zina), mchere wa m'nyanja, mchere wosiyanasiyana, zinthu zaulimi (monga wowuma) muli mbewu kapena zomera zakutchire, Cellulose nkhuni, nsungwi, bango, udzu, etc.).

(2)Zinthu zoyambira

Zida zoyambira zimapezedwa pokonza zida zoyambira, monga calcium carbide ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za organic ndi inorganic zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa.

(3)Zapakatikati zopangira

Zida zapakatikati zimatchedwanso intermediates. Nthawi zambiri amatchula zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira ma organic chemical kupanga, koma sizinapangidwe kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito komaliza ndipo zimafunikira kukonzedwanso. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osiyanasiyana organic ntchito kupanga utoto, mapulasitiki ndi mankhwala: methanol, acetone, vinilu kolorayidi, etc.